Utilitarian and retributive theories of punishment differ primarily in their ______.
a. perspective, as being forward-looking (future) or backward-looking past)
b. emphasis on severity of punishment
c. micro- or macro-level approach
d. ability to justify the stated purposes of punishment
Ans: A
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John Augustus is considered to be the father of parole in the United States
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The Latin term _________ means “the act of a criminal.”
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word.
A benefit of graduated sanctions is _______________ because the response to violations is swift
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Traditionally, police departments have been
a. social organizations b. generalist organizations. c. specialized organizations. d. both social and generalist organizations. e. both social and specialized organizations.