The nurse determines that an older client is at risk for periodontal disease. Which client is at greatest risk of periodontal disease?
1. The client who takes a daily gummy multivitamin.
2. The client whose spouse reports that the client snores at night.
3. The client who smokes two packs of cigarettes per day and has diabetes.
4. The client whose parent required dentures in middle age due to excess caries.
3. The client who smokes two packs of cigarettes per day and has diabetes.
Explanation: 1. Poor diet and sugary, sticky foods can increase the risk of periodontal disease. The nurse would need to undertake further assessment. It is unlikely that this finding increases the client's risk, though.
2. Dry mouth or xerostomia increases the risk. The client who snores may experience a drier mouth at night. The nurse would need to assess this issue further to determine the actual risk of periodontal disease.
3. Smoking cigarettes greatly increases the risk of periodontal disease and lowers the chances of successful dental treatment. Diabetes also places the client at higher risk.
4. There is some evidence that gum disease is genetic, but this does not place the client at highest risk.
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