What kind of molecular information is commonly used to study phylogeny among ORGANISMS that diverged from a common ancestor relatively long ago?
A. The mitochondrial genome because it easily incurs neutral mutations.
B. Whole genomes because they are easy to obtain.
C. Small ribosomal subunit (SSU) RNA because it is found in the genomes of all living organisms.
D. Segments of cellular membrane proteins because the proteins, coded by DNA, are found in all living organisms.
E. DNA sequences within introns because their sequences change rapidly over evolutionary time.
Answer: C
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Two of the oldest flowering plant fossils are known to belong to the genus ____, and are thought to have lived during
the early ____ period.
a. Archaefructus; Cretaceous b. Archaefructus; Carboniferous c. Amborella; Cretaceous d. Amborella; Carboniferous e. Eucalyptus; Cretaceous
When FAD and NAD gain electrons and hydrogens during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, they are said to be ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules, yet they both use the same mechanism to "burn" their stored energy. How can plants and animals both be successful, even though they "burn" different energy storage molecules?
a. The internal components of plant and animal cells are identical. b. The second law of thermodynamics says that all cells have the same energy transfer system. c. The breaking of the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy, no matter what molecule is stored. d. All organisms have the same enzymes to catalyze their energy-producing reactions.
The two-factor crosses performed by Mendel support the observation that
A. alleles for a given trait are distributed randomly among an individual's gametes independent of the alleles for other traits. B. traits that are encoded by genes on different chromosomes are never found within the same gamete. C. the F1 generation can display phenotypes in combinations different from those seen in the P generation. D. the F2 generation will only display phenotypes in the same combinations as the P generation. E. self-fertilization of the F1 generation will produce 100% heterozygous plants at both loci.