The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.
a. active transport
b. simple diffusion
c. facilitated diffusion
d. a process that requires energy from the cell
e. cotransport
Answer: c. facilitated diffusion
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A parasite is also a(n):
A. nitrogen fixer B. autotroph C. heterotroph D. methanogen E. mutualist
Coevolution is
a. where each species is a selective agent that shifts the range of variation in the other b. random association between two individuals that allows similarity patterns to emerge. c. resource partitioning between two related species. d. mutualistic associations and commensalism. e. none of these.
A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that attaches a lysine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA instead of the normal phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be that _____
A) none of the proteins in the cell will contain phenylalanine B) proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU C) the cell will compensate for the defect by attaching phenylalanine to tRNAs with lysine-specifying anticodons D) the ribosome will skip a codon every time a UUU is encountered
Capsules of pathogenic enteric bacteria are virulence factors because they _____.
A) Capture iron from hemoglobin and store it in the bacteria B) Release hemolysins that destroy red blood cells C) Produce fimbriae that enable the bacteria to attach to human cells D) Protect the bacteria from phagocytosis and from antibodies