Which of the following are based on the principle of reinforcement?
A. Mutual aid groups and token economies
B. In-vivo and imaginal exposure
C. Systematic desensitization and contingency contracts
D. Contingency contracts and token economies
ANS: D
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Which of the following is a common reaction to traumatic stress?
A) ?Psychotic breaks B) ?Numbing C) ?Catharsis of emotions D) ?Traumagrams
Cathy needs to stay awake to study for her psychology midterm, so she decides to take an amphetamine to keep from falling asleep. In this case, the drug had a(n) _____ use.
A. recreational B. instrumental C. pre-instrumental D. pre-creational
Recent trends in Gestalt practice include more emphasis on confrontation, more anonymity of the therapist, and increased reliance on techniques.
a. True b. False
Client advocacy competencies require professional counselors to
a. negotiate relevant services and systems on behalf of clients. b. act as a mediator. c. identify barriers to the well-being of clients. d. All of the above.