The interstitial fluid of vertebrates __________.
a. is the internal environment within cells
b. makes up blood plasma
c. surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes
d. is not necessary in flat, thin vertebrates
e. is less abundant in ectotherms than in endotherms
Answer: c. surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes
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When 10,000 molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed to ADP and i in a test tube, about half as much heat is liberated as when a cell hydrolyzes the same amount of ATP. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?
A) Cells are open systems, but a test tube is an isolated system. B) Cells are less efficient at heat production than nonliving systems. C) The hydrolysis of ATP in a cell produces different chemical products than does the reaction in a test tube. D) The reaction in cells must be catalyzed by enzymes, but the reaction in a test tube does not need enzymes. E) Reactant and product concentrations in the test tube are different from those in the cell.
For a complex trait that is observed less frequently in a given sex in a given family, the recurrence risk for this trait is
____________________ for future children of that sex.Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Once an action potential is triggered, there is a
A) reversal of the membrane polarity, with the interior of the cell becoming positively charged. B) reversal of the membrane polarity, with the interior of the cell becoming negatively charged. C) sudden rush of potassium into the neuron. D) sudden impermeability of the membrane to the transport of ions.
Which of the following is NOT a recombinant protein isolated from bacteria?
A) Interferon B) Factor VIII C) Insulin D) Erythropoietin E) Cellulase