In operant conditioning, punishment can involve ________
A) presenting a neutral stimulus just before an unconditioned stimulus
B) pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response
C) presenting an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a response
D) presenting a pleasant stimulus to increase the occurrence of a response
Answer: C
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One of the most effective ways of "de-victimizing" yourself and receiving prompt help is to
a. define your situation and directly assign responsibility to a bystander. b. increase empathic arousal in another person by pretending to be more at risk than you really are. c. scream very loudly and exaggerate your gestures. d. allow bystanders to assign responsibilities among themselves.
Which of the following is true about most rapists? a. They are sexually aroused only by violence
b. They are aggressive and have little regard for others. c. They have a paraphilic disorder. d. They are hypersexual and generally obsessed with sex.
In which research context is the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) Scale most commonly used?
A. study of friendships B. study of siblings C. study of romantic partners D. study of parents
Between the ages of three and six, fixation at which of the following stages can lead to adulthood traits of vanity, exhibitionism, and narcissism, according to Freud?
a. latency period b. genital stage c. anal stage d. phallic stage