How do functionalists answer the question of why particular crimes are committed and punished in some societies, but not in others?
a. Each society has its own unique definition of what is criminal, and punishes accordingly.
b. Individuals whose crimes challenge or threaten society's most cherished values will be punished more severely.
c. Each society will punish the members of minority groups more severely than the members of dominant groups.
d. Since there is an element of chance in being caught, different crimes will be severely punished in different societies.
b
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