Which of the following best represents the Frank-Starling mechanism?
a. An increase in end-diastolic volume causes greater tension on cardiac fibers, resulting in a greater force of contraction.
b. An increase in preload causes greater tension on cardiac fibers, resulting in a greater end-systolic volume.
c. An increase in end-diastolic volume causes an increase in filling pressure, which causes a decrease in stroke volume.
d. A reduction in end-systolic volume is compensated for by an increase in heart rate and stroke volume.
A
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