Lyn is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger. Today, even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine. The learning process that could best account for Lyn's fear of spiders is
a. operant conditioning.
b. observational learning.
c. delayed reinforcement.
d. classical conditioning.
D
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Tricia likes to take drugs that will increase her behavioral and mental activity. Tricia is least likely to use ____
a. ?amphetamines b. ?nicotine c. ?cocaine d. ?barbiturates
You make an appointment to see a therapist and, as you are waiting, you notice that a lot of the books on the therapist's shelves deal with the work of Joseph Wolpe. You might expect that this therapist will:
a. use counterconditioning to reduce specific fears and anxieties b. emphasize the need to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness c. help you recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs d. help you recognize discrepancies between your self-concept and your everyday experiences
According to Dr. A., specific phobias are the result of classical conditioning. According to Dr. B., they result from the displacement of intrapsychic conflict onto an external object that can then be avoided. According to Dr. C., they are the product of maladaptive, irrational beliefs about the feared object. Respectively, Drs. A., B., and C. endorse the __________ etiological models of
psychopathology. a. learning, biological, and psychodynamic b. learning, humanistic, and cognitive c. biological, psychodynamic, and cognitive d. none of the above
A congruence between the self and organismic experiencing:
a. hinders personal growth b. leads to distortion of symbols c. leads to positive growth d. leads to feelings of vulnerability