For changing behavior from undesirable to desirable, Skinner believed that punishment is:
a. more effective than positive reinforcement.
b. as effective as negative reinforcement.
c. less effective than extinction.
d. often ineffective.
ANS: D
FEEDBACK: Skinner said that punishment was ineffective in changing behavior from undesirable to desirable or from abnormal to normal. He stated, "What's wrong with punishments is that they work immediately, but give no long-term results. The responses to punishment are either the urge to escape, to counterattack, or a stubborn apathy. These are the bad effects you get in prisons or schools, or wherever punishments are used."
You might also like to view...
You watch a demonstration taking place on campus. You are excited and when you get home, you tell your roommate Alberta about what you saw. Another roommate, Lucy, returns later and you overhear her excitedly telling Alberta about the same demonstration, but her description doesn't sound anything like what you saw. What most likely accounts for this difference??
a. ?eidetic imagery b. ?proactive inhibition c. ?constructive memory d. ?retrograde amnesia
Visual images remain in the sensory register for a maximum of ________
a. a half second. b. two seconds. c. thirty seconds. d. one minute.
Which of the following researchers authored the classic research (1966) on taste aversion using rats and X-rays?
a) Bandura and Skinner b) Martin Seligman c) Rosalie Rayner and John Watson d) Garcia and Koelling
Sarento's fear of flying is treated by exposing him to a
threedimensional, computergenerated "world" in which he can experience walking onto a plane, being seated, and taking off. This computerized environment that responds to a viewer's head movements and other inputs is part of a behavioral therapy known as a. EMDR. b. virtual reality exposure. c. covert sensitization. d. aversive conditioning.