What is a role of calcium ions in the second-messenger cascade involving phospholipase C, diacylglycerol, and inositol triphosphate?
A. It splits and activates G-protein subunits.
B. It binds to the endoplasmic reticulum and causes the release of inositol trisphosphate.
C. It phosphorylates cell proteins.
D. It is the first messenger that binds to the integral membrane protein receptor.
E. Along with diacylglycerol, it activates protein kinase C.
E
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Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.
A) white rami communicantes B) gray rami communicantes C) spinal nerves D) splanchnic nerves
What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone?
A) There is no mechanism; once formed, the marrow cavity does not change in size. B) Blood vessels entering the marrow cavity enlarge it by eroding away the inner surface of the bone. C) The bone marrow cavity only increases in length, as the epiphyseal plates move apart. D) As bone matrix is added to the external surface, osteoclasts remove matrix in the center of the bone to enlarge the cavity. E) None of the answers are correct.
Which of the following conditions would have the greatest effect on peripheral resistance?
A) doubling the viscosity of the blood B) doubling the length of a vessel C) doubling the turbulence of the blood D) doubling the diameter of a vessel E) doubling the number of white cells in the blood
Which cranial bone(s) are separate right and left bones at birth but generally fuse by the age of 5?
A. Mandible and maxilla B. Frontal bone and maxilla C. Frontal bone and mandible D. Frontal bone and occipital bone