Which of the following are risk factors for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)
a. being male e. family history of osteoporosis
b. having thin or small bone structure f. premenopausal women
c. being female g. low dietary calcium intake
d. history of fractures h. smoking
B, C, D, E, G, H
Risk factors for osteoporosis include being female, having thin or small bones, history of fractures, advanced age, family history of osteoporosis, postmenopausal stage without estrogen replacement therapy, amenorrhea, eating disorders, low calcium intake, inactive lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, use of corticosteroids or anticonvulsant medications, and low testosterone level in men.
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