The nurse is caring for a patient who has dysfunctional grieving after the traumatic loss of a spouse. The patient tells the nurse, "I'm so mad at God." What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for this patient?
1. Hopelessness
2. Powerlessness
3. Risk for violence
4. Spiritual distress
Answer: 4
Explanation: 4. The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the patient is spiritual distress. Spiritual distress is best described by the disruption of an individual's capacity to assimilate or find meaning and purpose in his or her life by connecting with self, others, the arts, nature, and/ or a higher power. Hopelessness is a state in which an individual feels restrained (without choices or alternatives) and immobilized. Powerlessness is defined as the belief that one has no control over circumstances or outcomes. Risk for violence is a diagnosis for individuals who are aggressive and angry and may become violent. Though this patient states he is mad, the patient does not present as violent.
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