Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Marbury v. Madison held that the Supreme Court was constitutionally authorized to exercise the right of judicial review.
2. Legislative review means that the U.S. Supreme Court judges have the right to determine the meaning of the Constitution and to evaluate whether acts of Congress and the president were authorized by the Constitution.
3. De Novo is the reliance on precedent, locating a case that is factually similar to the case before the judge, and ensures predictability of law.
4. Literalism looks at the words of a statute or constitutional provision and does not analyze the intent of the drafters of the law or constitutional provision.
5. Congress approves elected representatives, the appointment of judges and cabinet officials, and the heads of agencies such as FBI.


1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True

Criminal Justice

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The justification for punishment based on turning the offender into a law-abiding person is called ______.

a. incapacitation b. deterrence c. rehabilitation d. just deserts

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Crank?s term ?inner circle? refers to

A) a powerful clique within a police department. B) the top three levels of the chain of command. C) the prosecutor, the investigating officer, and the arresting officer. D) reporters who have experience with and understanding of policing.

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According to Wolfgang, behavior or actions in which a person provocatively uses threats or fighting words, or initiates the attack is known as:

a. Provocative b. Active precipitation c. Series victimization d. None of the above

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Which of the following is NOT true regarding crime victims' rights in the United States today?

A. The federal government has passed legislation providing basic rights and services to federal crime victims. B. Thirty-two state victims' rights constitutional amendments have been passed. C. States have enacted more than 30,000 crime victim-related statutes. D. Only four states have laws that protect the basic rights of crime victims in the criminal justice system.

Criminal Justice