Describe the effects of the independent variables in this experiment (assume any nonzero difference between means indicates a statistically significant effect).
A researcher examined whether interrogators who expect a suspect to be guilty, rather than innocent, use more persuasive interrogation techniques. The researcher created a laboratory situation in which students were randomly assigned to actually commit a crime or not commit a crime by following a set of instructions given to them. This is referred to as "Suspect Status." Before student interrogators interviewed a suspect, they were randomly assigned to conditions that led them to believe the suspect was guilty or innocent of the crime. This is referred to as "Interrogator Expectation." Independent observers rated the effort used by interrogators to obtain a confession using a 1-10 rating scale (higher scores indicate greater effort). Suppose the researcher observed the following means for each group:
There is an interaction effect present. When the interrogator expected an innocent suspect, the ratings for effort to obtain a confession did not differ for actually guilty or actually innocent suspects (means of 5.0). However, when the interrogator expected a guilty suspect, the mean effort to obtain a confession was greater when the suspect was actually innocent (8.0) than when the suspect was actually guilty (5.0). Each main effect is likely significant. The main effect for Suspect Status indicates that mean ratings for effort to obtain a confession were higher in the Actual Innocence condition (6.5) compared to the Actual Guilty condition (5.0). The main effect for the Interrogator Expectation condition indicates that mean ratings for effort to obtain a confession were higher in the Guilty condition (6.5) compared to the Innocent condition (5.0).
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