Which of the following would be one of the first steps in attempting to control a disease?
a. Create an appropriate screening test for widespread use
b. Define what the disease looks like in confirmed or probable cases
c. Determine the disease's portal of entry and portal of exit
d. Measure the extent of its spread geographically
ANS: B
Standardized definitions of diseases are necessary for public health monitoring and surveillance across all levels of government. Diseases are defined and classified according to confirmed cases, probable cases, laboratory-confirmed cases, clinically compatible cases, epidemiologically linked cases, genetic typing, and clinical case definition. Once defined, disease occurrence can be compared across time, populations, and geographic areas; and appropriate control efforts can be implemented.
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