In a phenomenon referred to as the “intellectual imbalance,” it has been found that offenders tend to score lower than the overall population on the ______ intelligence subscale, but not on the ______ intelligence subscale.

a. performance; verbal
b. verbal; performance
c. none of these; this term is used to refer to the disparity between offenders and nonoffenders on the full-scale IQ test.
d. none of these; no IQ difference has been found between offenders and nonoffenders.


b. verbal; performance

Criminal Justice

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With respect to the Italian organized crime families of today, Italian heritage is no longer a requirement to become a full "made guy" within the organization

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is characteristic of a top-down organization?

A) Managers decide what types of services are best for the community. B) People are viewed and treated as partners. C) Power is understood as being infinite. D) Career growth and job accomplishments are unlimited. E) The purpose of the department is determined by employees representing all levels and job assignments within the agency.

Criminal Justice

Ordinances designed to prevent the congregation of gang members suffer from what constitutional deficiency?

a. they violate the First Amendment's Establishment Clause b. they criminalize a great deal of harmless behavior c. they violate the First Amendment's Exercise Clause d. they violate the First Amendment's Redress Clause

Criminal Justice

A police department might want to include the community's input when developing a mission statement because it

a. improves police–community relations. b. decreases the possibility of the agency accomplishing its mission. c. maintains officer support. d. decreases community complaints.

Criminal Justice