What is the result of the countercurrent multiplication mechanism?
decreased solute concentration in the descending limb of the nephron loop
decreased transport of sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the nephron loop
increased solute concentration in the descending limb of the nephron loop
osmotic flow of water from peritubular fluid into the descending limb of the nephron loop
increased solute concentration in the descending limb of the nephron loop
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The major extrinsic muscle of the hand that the ulnar nerve controls is the ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Inflammation of brain tissue is called ____
a. meningitis b. tetanus c. epilepsy d. encephalitis
To calculate GFR, the concentration of a marker molecule is measured in both the blood and the urine, and the total volume of urine produced is also measured. Which of the following sets of results indicates the highest GFR?
A. High concentration of the marker in the blood, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the urine B. High concentration of the marker in the blood, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the blood C. High concentration of the marker in the urine, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the blood D. High concentration of the marker in the urine, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the blood
Which are characteristics of type O blood?a: Has anti-A antibodiesb: Has anti-B antibodiesc: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytesd: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytese: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
A. a, b, c B. b, c, d C. c D. b, c, e E. a, b, e