In a variation of the "forbidden toy" experiment by Aronson and Carlsmith (1963), another researcher issued mild and severe threats to prevent children from playing with a very attractive toy
Several weeks later, a woman came to the school, allegedly to administer tests to the children. When she left the room to score the tests, children were left alone with the same attractive toy and other less attractive toys. Almost 80 percent of the children who were issued severe threats by the researcher played with the attractive toy; only 30 percent of those children issued mild threats succumbed to temptation. This experiment is noteworthy because it demonstrated that
a. like preschoolers, older children work to reduce dissonance.
b. attempts to reduce dissonance yield long-lasting attitude and behavior change.
c. a sense of self is necessary for dissonance to be aroused and subsequently reduced.
d. excessive external justification for restraint can produce dissonance and attitude change.
Answer: B
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Chomsky proposed that
a. reinforcement is needed for normal language development. b. language arises from unknown supernatural influences. c. there is an inborn linguistic processor for language. d. language develops via imitation and social interaction.
Grandma Salicetti came to the United States from Italy when she was 18 . She learned English, but not very fluently. She recently had a stroke, and although she can still speak, she is having some difficulty. Which of the following is the most likely outcome? a. She will still be able to speak English fluently, but not Italian
b. She will still be able to speak Italian fluently, but not English. c. She will have trouble speaking both languages equally fluently. d. She will still be able to speak both languages fluently, but not understand either.
Female orgasmic disorder is defined as
a) lack of orgasm and no desire. b) lack of orgasm without direct clitoral stimulation. c) lack of orgasm despite normal sexual excitement and stimulation. d) orgasm during masturbation only, if at all.
Equivalent groups typically are formed by _____
a. selecting two or more samples randomly from the population b. ensuring that the proportions of males and females are the same in each group c. matching participants for extraneous characteristics d. randomly assigning participants to groups