What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
a. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys.
b. Verotoxin from Escherichia coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
c. Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow.
d. Failure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen
Ans: b. Verotoxin from Escherichia coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
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You are the school nurse advising the caregivers of a student who has mumps. The mother asks how long this student must remain at home
The school nurse will tell the caregivers that students with mumps must stay home until they meet which of the following criteria? a. Nine days have passed after the beginning of the parotid swelling. b. The parotid swelling has resolved. c. The student is free of any pain in the parotid area. d. The student is totally free of fever for at least 2 days.