What is the difference in terms of the aversive activity between contingent exercise and overcorrection?
What will be an ideal response?
Overcorrection and contingent exercise require the individual to engage in effortful behavior for an extended period of time contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior. In overcorrection, the effortful behavior is a relevant behavior related to the problem behavior. In contingent exercise, the effortful behavior is unrelated to the problem behavior.
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Which of the following is an accurate description of the relationship between stress and illness, according to DSM-5?
a. Stress only contributes to a few physical diseases, such as ulcers. b. Psychosomatic disorders are caused by stress alone. c. Stress has no effect on physical illness but a great effect on psychological ones. d. Stress plays a role in the onset or exacerbation of all physical illnesses, from a cold to AIDS.
Freud believed the pleasure principle:
a. is learned from one's parents b. was created by social forces c. is ultimately destructive d. guarantees survival of the species
Calvin notices that every time he eats out, he chooses a Mexican restaurant over a restaurant that serves burgers and fries. Consequently, Calvin decides he must really like Mexican food. Calvin's attitude can best be explained using:
a. cognitive dissonance theory b. self-perception theory c. observational learning theory d. fundamental attribution theory
The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe was initially in the form of
A. coca powder. B. pills. C. drinks, such as coca wine. D. cigarettes.