Researchers have discovered an association between depression, anxiety and pain. How do they explain this association?
a. People who are prone to anxiety and depression have lower levels of endogenous opioids.
b. Anxious and depressed people are more sensitive to pain and less able to cope with it.
c. Anxious and depressed people are more likely to become involved in accidents as a result of high levels of distractibility.
d. People who are anxious and/or depressed have learned that reporting pain symptoms is a prime means of gaining attention from friends and relatives.
Answer: b.
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Recording all instances of an event for a particular time period (such as how many times an older brother strikes his younger brother) without the subjects' awareness is an example of
a. compiling a case study. b. correlational research. c. conducting an experiment. d. naturalistic observation.
The constructionist approach is relevant to gender comparisons in aggression because
a. people have acquired characteristics like aggression through social learning. b. it explains why some groups are naturally scapegoats for aggressive attacks from other groups. c. it explains that we have traditionally interpreted aggression as a male characteristic. d. it explains why people are innately aggressive.
Why are people suffering from insomnia not advised to take sleep aid medication?
a. Because all such pills are highly addictive with minimal use. b. Because the pills actually promote too much sleep which will disrupt circadian rhythms. c. Because studies have shown that prolonged use of sleeping pills are related to heart disease. d. Because sleeping pills reduce REM sleep and create more fatigue the next day.
If you wanted to determine whether people are faster at responding to a high intensity light than to a low intensity light you might do an experiment in which participants push a button whenever either a high or low intensity light occurs. If you were concerned with order effects such as learning but also concerned that an equal number of low- and high-intensity trials be presented, you might use
A) randomization within blocks. B) control variables. C) a confounding variable. D) reverse ordering.