Explain the measurements for smoking exposure and health risks that can be used to gauge prevalence and problems
There are various measurements for smoking exposure and health risks that can be used to gauge prevalence and problems. Subjectively, smokers can self-report smoking and its health effects or take self-administered surveys. Estimates of tobacco consumption in most population surveys are usually based on self-reported information, which is generated from standard questions such as: Are you a current or former smoker? Have you ever smoked? Do you now smoke every day, some days, or not at all? How many packets of cigarettes do you smoke per day? However, studies show that self-reported estimates may underestimate true smoking prevalence (Coultas, Howard, Peake, Skipper, & Samet, 1988; Lewis et al., 2003; Tyrpien, Bodzek, & Manka, 2001). Alternatively, scientists may choose to use biochemical tests to objectively measure tobacco use and exposure. Objective measures include measuring nicotine levels in blood, hair, and urine. These measures have proven effective in controlling for the biases of self-reported tobacco user rates but may not be feasible for measurement in large-scale studies (Gorber, Schofield-Hurwitz, Hardt, Levasseur, & Tremblay, 2009).?
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A) 80 percent B) 85 percent C) 90 percent D) 95 percent
The stress model described by the endocrinologist Hans Selye which recognizes the body's response to a stressful stimulation is known as general ________ syndrome
A) adaptation B) resistance C) reaction D) adaptation
Which of the following assessment findings is most indicative of increasing pressure within the skull from a closed head injury?
a. Blood pressure of 192/106 mmHg b. Heart rate of 132 beats per minute c. Blood pressure of 110/50 d. Pupils equal and reactive
As a patient yourself, would you like the opportunity to access some or all of your own medical record online? What portions would you find useful?
What will be an ideal response?