What is the difference between an evaluation research project that assumes a black box and one that seeks to develop a program theory? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each?
What will be an ideal response?
Black box evaluation--this type of evaluation occurs when an evaluation of program outcomes ignores, and does not identify, the process by which the program produced the effect; this allows a researcher to conduct a simple evaluation that tests an input/output model; however, it does not show that the program process actually effected the outcome of the participant; program theory--a descriptive or prescriptive model of how a program operates and produces effects; theory-driven evaluation--a program valuation that is guided by a theory that specifies the process by which the program has an effect; program theory, then, specifies how the program is expected to operate and identifies which program elements are operational; also, it specifies how a program is to produce its effects and so improves understanding of the relationship between the independent variable.
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Which of the following best describes how political parties help to keep elected officials responsive to citizens' needs?
a. by reducing tension between Congress and the president when both are from the same party b. by allowing voters to determine which office holder is responsible for a success or failure c. by creating a coalition government in which officials of both parties share credit and blame d. by allowing voters to hold office holders accountable in a collective fashion
The double majority requires that
a. the Council of Ministers approval of legislative proposals requires a vote that represents both a majority (55%) of the member states and a majority (65%) of the EU population. b. legislative proposals must gain an approval of a majority in both the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament. c. the Council of Ministers must vote twice on legislative proposals, with a majority supporting the proposals on each vote. d. some legislative proposals require the approval of a super-majority (75%) of the votes in the Council of Ministers, while others require only a simple majority (51%). e. legislative proposals must gain a qualified majority in the Council of Ministers and a simple majority in the European Parliament.
How did the Land Ordinance of 1785 help advance education?
a. By building a school in every new territory. b. By providing a permanent endowment to fund colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts. c. By setting aside a portion of every township for the support of schools. d. By paying for teachers to move into the new territories.
Which factor has done the most to limit the size and growth of the U.S. Cabinet?
a. the legislative check on executive power b. the reluctance of presidents to share power c. the stability of the American political system d. the anti-government sentiment of the American public