______ alternatives states that probation is used to combat overcrowding of jails and prisons
A. First-end
B. Last-end
C. Front-end
D. Back-end
C. Front-end
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An estimated ________ percent of European immigrants, or 2.1 million people, were born in Eastern Europe
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Evaluations of incarceration strategies reveal that their impact may be less than expected. Why might incarceration not work?
a. Because prison exposes young, impressionable offenders to higher-risk, more experienced inmates who can influence their lifestyle and shape their attitudes. b. Because most criminal offenses are committed by old offenders, who are unlikely to be sent to prison for a single felony conviction. c. Because incarcerated criminals are too young. d. Because not enough offenders are being incarcerated.
The processes followed by police, prosecutors, and judges as well as the rights possessed by suspects and defendants are defined by ________ criminal law
a. procedural b. substantive c. constitutional d. fundamental
The perspective that is primarily a reaction and alternative to the positivist theories of the past century is called ____________
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).