Inferential statistics estimate _____
a. the effectiveness of the operational definitions used in an experiment.
b. correlations between the variables in an experiment
c. probabilities, especially the probability that the results are due to chance
d. the likelihood that the IRB will approve the ethics of an experiment
C
Inferential statistics allow researchers to draw conclusions about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables by estimating the probability that the results occurred by chance alone.
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Early research on classical conditioning was performed with dogs. In certain variations of this research, experimenters repeatedly presented dogs with meat powder just after ringing a bell. The dogs (who would naturally salivate after being exposed to meat powder) learned to associate the bell with the meat powder, and began to salivate as soon as they heard the bell. In this research, the bell
served as a(n) ____. a. unconditioned stimulus that became a conditioned stimulus b. conditioned stimulus that became an unconditioned stimulus c. neutral stimulus that became a conditioned stimulus d. unconditioned stimulus that became a neutral stimulus
The pineal gland releases a hormone called
a. endorphin. b. thyroxin. c. testosterone. d. melatonin.
. The more central traits are
A. predictions about the person’s behavior will be more difficult to do. B. the better the traits describe the essence of the individual’s personality. C. the less number of peripheral traits there are. D. the more behavior is a product of the situational norm.
Billy normally fails all of his science exams, so when he got a “C” on an anatomy test, he was thrilled. Bobby on the other hand normally gets all “A’s” on his exams, so when he got a “C” on the same anatomy test, he was angry and sad. This is an example of how __________ can impact our emotions.
a. appraisals b. epinephrine c. vasopressin d. none of the above