Which of the following nursing actions best reflects the consequence stage of the deci-sion-making process?
1. Being physically present when a client is given the results of a tissue biopsy
2. Witnessing the client sign consent for surgery forms before cardiac surgery
3. The client is informed of the various treatments available for his condition.
4. The nurse explains to the client the risks of leaving the hospital against medical advice.
ANS: 4
The nurse is presenting the possible outcomes, and therefore is presenting consequences. Being physically present is not an example of defining the problem. Witnessing the client sign consent is an example of a final decision. In Answer 3 the client is being given various options.
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