Provide an example of when history may be a threat to internal validity.
What will be an ideal response?
A researcher could study the interaction between second-grade students and their teacher, using a case study approach. Events could occur that might affect the interaction between the teacher and the students. The teacher might experience personal problems at home that affect his or her teaching, and the same could be true for the children.
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What type of transformation must be used when calculating standard scores in order to retain a direct relationship between raw scores and standard scores?
a. T-transformation b. Normed transformation c. Linear transformation d. Standard transformation
Leaders working with adults often use activities in a sequential pattern because it is developmental and logical. Donigian and Hulse-Killacky assert that non-sequential activities are especially appropriate to use when the group _______________.
a. encounters crisis or regresses b. establishes norms c. prepares for closure d. all of the above
The primary focus of the ASCA national model for school counseling programs is:
a. Accountability b. Foundation c. Collaboration d. Delivery
A long-term opioid addict _________ according to your text