List and describe the three categories of movement. Explain why these categories are NOT always distinct.

What will be an ideal response?


The three categories are reflex, voluntary, and rhythmic. Reflex movements are initiated by sensory input and are integrated primarily in the spinal cord. Voluntary movements are integrated in the cerebral cortex and require no external stimuli. Rhythmic movements are a combination of reflex and voluntary. Voluntary movements improve with practice as do reflexive, voluntary movements can become reflexive once learned, and voluntary movements depend upon input from postural reflexes.

Anatomy & Physiology

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In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by

A) producing new axons. B) regenerating cell bodies for the neurons. C) forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth. D) clearing away cellular debris. E) producing more satellite cells that fuse to form new axons.

Anatomy & Physiology

The net gain from glycolysis is ____ ATP molecule(s) and ____ NADH2 molecules

a. one; eight b. three; two c. five; zero d. two; three

Anatomy & Physiology

Which hormone regulates calcium reabsorption in the DCT?

a. Parathyroid hormone b. Calcitonin c. Atrial natriuretic hormone d. Aldosterone

Anatomy & Physiology

If an individual is exercising at a low intensity for several hours, how would the concentrations of substrates change in plasma?

A. They remain stable and unaffected by exercise. B. Plasma glucose levels would gradually increase the longer exercise continues. C. Plasma levels of amino acids would increase, as protein breakdown would be needed to fuel continued exercise. D. Plasma levels of free fatty acids would increase as triglycerides are broken down for sustained energy.

Anatomy & Physiology