The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light-dependent reactions _____
A) are membrane proteins present in the thylakoid
B) are free proteins present in the thylakoid lumen
C) are considered to be part of the reaction center of photosystem I
D) absorb the same wavelengths of light as their associated chlorophylls
Answer: A
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Tamoxifen is a drug that is used to treat breast cancer. It inhibits the activities of the estrogen receptor in breast epithelial cells, which are the cells that are relevant to breast cancer. One of the concerns that scientists had during the development of Tamoxifen as a therapy for breast cancer was that other cell types require estrogen signaling for their function. For example, it is known
that cells in bone tissue require estrogen signaling. As a result, there was a concern that use of Tamoxifen would lead to bone loss in patients. In reality, however, researchers were surprised to find that Tamoxifen actually led to an increase in bone density in breast cancer patients. At the same time, Tamoxifen did inhibit the activity of the estrogen receptor in breast epithelial cells in these patients. What is the best explanation for this finding? A. Tamoxifen binds different parts of the estrogen receptor in different tissues. B. The estrogen receptor is bound to different coactivators in different tissues. C. Tamoxifen can only enter certain cell types. D. Bone cells make use of a different type of estrogen receptor that does not bind to Tamoxifen.
Rho-independent termination results in formation of a specialized structure that causes polymerase to stall. What is this structure called?
a. stable hairpin b. holoenzyme c. rho protein d. polyribosome
Which of the following is true of a gram-positive bacterium, and not of a gram-negative bacterium?
A. It has a thick cell membrane. B. It is more likely to trigger an immune response and cause inflammation and fever. C. It has a nucleus. D. It is larger, and thus weighs more grams. E. Its cell wall is made of a thick layer of peptidoglycan.
Which of the following is caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
A. Tetanus B. Bacterial meningitis C. Pharyngitis D. Influenza (flu) E. Kuru