When is a small sample size appropriate for a research study?
1. Many uncontrolled variables are present.
2. The population is very homogenous.
3. Small differences are expected in members of the population on the variable of interest.
4. The population must be divided into subgroups.
2
Rationale 1: A large sample size is required to account for the influence of a variable that cannot be controlled on the study.
Rationale 2: In this case there is a higher likelihood of each element being very similar to the other so a small size is sufficient. It is unlikely that addition of elements to the sample would provide the researcher with additional unique data. Homogenous populations may be studied through small sample sizes.
Rationale 3: A large sample size is required to obtain sufficient elements to account for the small differences on the variable of interest.
Rationale 4: Sample size must be increased to assure inclusion of members of each of the subgroups.
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