How do the major antipsychotic drugs exert their effects to reduce psychotic episodes?
a. They block dopamine receptors and reduce neuronal impulse transmission.
b. They redirect nerve impulses away from excitatory areas of the brain and into brain inhibitory areas.
c. They enhance the breakdown of excitatory neurotransmitter chemicals so that impulse transmission is slower.
d. They block the reuptake of neurotransmitters so that the concentration of these chemicals is increased in the brain.
A
All antipsychotic drugs tend to block dopamine receptors in the dopamine pathways in the brain. The normal effect of releasing the neurotransmitter dopamine is decreased. Transmission of im-pulses is decreased which in turn decreases the symptoms of hallucinations, illusions, and delu-sions.
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The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient whose religious beliefs require fasting from sun up to sun down on holy days. How can the nurse best advocate for this patient?
1. Teach the patient the importance of eating throughout the day to avoid hypoglycemia. 2. Choose the nursing diagnosis of noncompliance if the patient becomes hypoglycemic due to fasting. 3. Invite the spiritual leader of his faith to talk with him about exceptions to the need to fast. 4. Meet the patient's caloric needs before sunrise and after sunset and monitor blood sugar closely.
Why should a nurse monitor food and fluid intake and toilet patterns of clients with mental disabilities?
A) Regular checkup B) Data collection facilitates problem identification C) To determine common symptoms D) Physician's record
When discussing stressors with the primary caregiver of an 83-year-old patient, the nurse explores the issue of dissolving familiar social boundaries when asking
a. "Has it been a problem taking over the role of head of the family?" b. "What do you do to help relax and revi-talize yourself?" c. "Do you find it difficult to ask for help when you need it?" d. "Are there any physical care tasks that you find difficult to complete?"
Which is a physical need?
a. Oxygen b. Money c. Happiness d. Love