Describe what Carol Dweck means by the term mindset and explain the differences between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset.
What will be an ideal response?
Carol Dweck defines mindset as the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves. Mindsets determine whether people will be optimistic or pessimistic, shape people's goals, influence how hard they strive to achieve these goals, and affect many aspects of their lives, including achievement and success in school and sports. A fixed mindset is one in which people believe that their qualities cannot change. In contrast, a growth mindset is one in which people believe their qualities can change and improve through their effort.
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According to Freud, the psychic structure called ego
a. helps the id get gratified in a socially appropriate way. b. is driven by a quest for pleasure. c. is our moral base that forces us to follow rules. d. is biologically based and present at birth.
Carolina has been raised in an intellectually enriched environment with lots of books and age-appropriate toys. The reaction range model suggests that Carolina will
a. score near the top of her potential IQ range. b. show a steady increase in IQ score during early childhood and adolescence. c. perform better than the majority of her peers on standardized tests of intelligence. d. have a wider intellectual reaction range than children raised in less stimulating environments.
Dyslexia refers to ____
a. problems with fine motor control b. problems decoding and recognizing simple words c. a specific kind of reading problem in which the child reverses letters d. problems in writing
Which type of association refers to procedural knowledge?
a. S-R (stimulus-response) b. B-O (behavior-outcome) c. S-S (stimulus-stimulus) d. CS-US