A eukaryotic transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that
A. many nucleotides are needed to code for each amino acid.
B. there are termination exons near the beginning of mRNA.
C. many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in eukaryotic DNA.
D. there is redundancy and ambiguity in the genetic code.
E. nucleotides break off and are lost during the transcription process.
Ans: C. many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in eukaryotic DNA.
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Thyroid hormone is to amphibian metamorphosis as this compound is to insect molting.
A. estogen B. aldosterone C. ecdysone D. cortisol E. butterfly peptide
Chlorophyll is located in ________, which are found in ________, which are concentrated in ________
A) thylakoids; chloroplasts; mesophyll B) chloroplasts; thylakoids; mesophyll C) mesophyll; chloroplasts; thylakoids D) mesophyll; thylakoids; chloroplasts
Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss of:
A. atoms. B. neutrons. C. electrons. D. molecules. E. protons.
Both deletions and insertions occur during the evolution of microbial genomes. Insertions bring in new genes that may be useful for the cell, but deletions
A) may increase fitness of a microorganism by eliminating unneeded genes. B) always result in a severe loss of fitness for the microorganism. C) are uncommon because they are usually lethal. D) always result in a severe loss of fitness but keep microbial genomes compact.