Explain how the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is involved in testosterone production in males
What will be an ideal response?
In the first-tier of control, the hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In the second-tier of control, GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In the third-tier of control, LH and FSH target the testes. LH stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete testosterone while FSH stimulates the sustentacular cells to secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) (to help keep testosterone levels in the testis high) and the hormone inhibin. The effect of testosterone is to stimulate spermatogenesis and the development of male characteristics.
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Blood flow into the deep and superficial palmar arches originates from the ________ and ________ arteries.
A. humeral circumflex; deep brachial B. radial; ulnar C. superficial palmar arch; digital D. brachial; subclavian E. axillary; subclavian
The adrenal medulla secretes ______ under conditions of stress.
A) norepinephrine B) epinephrine C) both of the above
Infants that are breastfed receive ________ from the mother.
A. IgA B. IgE C. IgF D. IgG
What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system?
A) Tonsils produce mucus which drains into the nasal cavities. B) Tonsils humidify and warm incoming air. C) Tonsils moisten the air entering the respiratory passageways. D) Tonsils protect the body from infection. E) Tonsils sweep contaminated mucus toward the throat.