A new chemical messenger has been discovered that enhances the chemotaxis of macrophages and neutrophils toward sites of infection. It would be specifically classified as a(n) __________.

A) tumor necrosis factor
B) hormone
C) interferon
D) chemokine


Answer: D) chemokine

Biology & Microbiology

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________ bind two or more ions or molecules and transport them in opposite directions across a membrane.

A. Uniporters B. Symporters C. Antiporters D. Dual transporters E. Channel pumps

Biology & Microbiology

In the experiments by Arnold, et al., why were some leaves on a cacao plant treated with endophytes and others were not?

A. to control the amount of Phytophthora that spread to other plants B. to provide a control for comparison of treated and untreated C. to reduce the amount of endophyte spores that were needed D. endophytes spread from one leaf to another E. to reduce the number of plants that were needed

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following is a function of membranes?

a) selectively permeable barrier b) helping cells respond to external stimuli c) compartmentalization d) all of the choices are correct

Biology & Microbiology

Cellular respiration produces the most energy in the form of ATP from which of the following?

A. substrate-level phosphorylation B. oxidative phosphorylation C. production of lactate D. the citric acid cycle E. glycolysis

Biology & Microbiology