According to Melzack and Wall's "gate theory" of pain, why does rubbing your elbow after you bump it help reduce the pain?
a. Rubbing produces an increased release of endorphins
b. Rubbing produces a refractory period in nociceptors, preventing their further activation.
c. Input from rubbing competes with ascending pain messages.
d. The act of rubbing has a placebo effect on the pain.
c
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According to a review of the empirical evidence for bias in clinical judgment (Garb, 1997),
a. Black and Hispanic patients who have psychotic mood disorders are more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia than are similar White patients. b. Black patients are less likely to be prescribed anti-psychotic medications than other racial groups, even when the Black patients are more psychotic. c. both of the above d. neither of the above
A psychologist completed a longitudinal study of several hundred people who were diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome when they were babies. What are the results of this longitudinal study likely to reveal concerning the status of these people as adults?
a) The majority of the handicaps are overcome as new brain connections develop. b) As adults, many people with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit poor concentration and motor difficulties. c) They have minor problems that tend to be identified only with sophisticated testing such as brain scans. d) The majority of those with fetal alcohol syndrome develop debilitating psychological and medical problems that often lead to lifetime hospitalization.
In the last week, there have been well-publicized, widespread cases of foodborne disease in your part of the country. Many cases have been linked to eating lettuce. Five of your friends ate at a local restaurant, and the two who ate salad became ill. Which of the following best describes your likely conclusion?
A. You deduce that your friends coincidentally both got sick. B. You induce that your friends coincidentally both got sick. C. You induce that your friends have likely eaten tainted lettuce. D. You deduce that your friends have likely eaten tainted lettuce.
An old saying says: "If you give a small boy a hammer, it will turn out that everything he runs into needs pounding." Using the example of ADHD, explain how this quote relates to the dangers of overdiagnosis
What will be an ideal response?