A client diagnosed with schizophrenia has been admitted to the emergency department (ED) after ingesting more than 2 gallons of water in one sitting. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes may result from the sudden water gain?
A) Hypernatremia
B) Water movement from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment
C) Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH)
D) Isotonic fluid excess in the extracellular fluid compartment
Ans: B
Feedback:
Excess water ingestion coupled with impaired water excretion (or rapid ingestion at a rate that exceeds renal excretion) in persons with psychogenic polydipsia can lead to water intoxication (hyponatremia). A disproportionate gain of water with no accompanying gain in sodium results in the movement of water from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment. Hyponatremia accompanies this process. Because of the lack of sodium increase, accumulated fluid is hypotonic, not isotonic. SIADH is not a consequence of excess water intake.
You might also like to view...
Successful treatment of an H. pylori infection involves the use of a combination of drugs that include all of the following, EXCEPT ________
A) An antibiotic/antiprotozoal drug B) a bismuth drug C) a proton pump inhibitor drug D) an antacid drug
To whom can we attribute the theory that behavior is among the heritable traits that could be developed? Choose the correct option
A) Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens C) Gustav Fritsch and Edward Hitzig B) Charles Darwin D) Franz Joseph Gall
What is meant by the term "functional health"?
A. The ability to function at the highest levels of performance B. The ability to function in terms of cognition (memory, spatial processing, logic) C. The ability to maintain health and wellness by reducing health problems D. The absence of disease
A lifestyle factor that influences weight includes
A) exercise. B) metabolic rate. C) extensive advertising of food. D) awareness of satiety signals.