Most police organizations are accurately described as ______.
a. equal-parity agencies
b. rank-equality agencies
c. hierarchies
d. all of these
c. hierarchies
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To be lawful, force used in self-defense or defense of another must be both reasonable and
a. sufficient b. nondeadly c. immediately necessary d. preventable
Which of the following statements is not correct?
a. a measure is valid if it truly measures the underlying concept b. a measure is reliable if it is observable over time c. a measure is reliable if it is constant d. both validity and reliability are important in a measure
Which of the following may be a concern if we are interested in studying "career drug dealers" and we use our friend from the probation department to act as our informant into that subculture?
a. those getting probation may be first time offenders b. those getting probation have obviously been caught, and thus will not reflect those that have more skill and have not been apprehended c. there may be some drug dealers who enter into plea negotiations and plead to possession instead of dealing d. all of the above
More than __________ % of state appellate court judges and nearly ________ % of state trial court judges are elected to their posts
A) 80, 90 B) 40, 50 C) 60, 70 D) 20, 30