Which statement is false regarding T cells?
A. THelper cells activate macrophages for nonspecific defenses like inflammation and fever.
B. In cellular immunity THelper cells recognize what is foreign and release interleukin-1 to get TCytotoxic cells to clone themselves and attack.
C. In humoral immunity, THelper cells first recognize what is foreign and then release interleukin-2 to have B cells react by cloning themselves and producing antibodies.
D. All of these statements are true.
Answer: D
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All connective tissues have three features in common. They are
A. cells, protein fibers, and mucus. B. cells, hormones, and protein fibers. C. protein fibers, a liquid portion, and ground substance. D. cells, a liquid portion, and protein fibers. E. cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.
Draw graphs showing the effects on action potentials in a postsynaptic cell of effective doses for each of the listed toxins. Assume that the cell is normally brought to threshold by the stimuli applied to its inputs, so that any abnormality is due to the toxin.
1. curare (prevents receptor from binding neurotransmitter) 2. botulinum toxin (prevents neurotransmitter release)
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the umbilical artery?
A) It gives rise to the obturator artery. B) It is a branch of the internal iliac artery. C) It gives rise to superior vesical arteries. D) It forms the medial umbilical ligament. E) Postnatally, has both patent and occluded parts.
An arteriovenous __________ is a route by which blood flows from an artery to a vein without passing through capillaries.
A. atheroma B. sinus C. thoroughfare channel D. anastomosis E. valve