Which one of the following is most likely to be useful in teaching children to solve mathematical problems effectively?
a. Teaching tricks such as "When you see altogether in a problem, you should add"
b. Making sure that students know why procedures work, as well as how to use them
c. Having students practice procedures in isolation before applying them to real-life situations
d. Making sure that students can think abstractly before they begin to solve problems
b
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The most important component of an infant-toddler program is safety
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Development
Match each statement with the correct item below. a. Change over time in the structure, thoughts, and behaviors of an individual due to biological and environmental influences. b. The principle that describes motor as progressing from the midline of the body outward to the extremities; thus, chest, shoulders, and upper arms come under control before the hands and feet. c. The name given to Vygotsky’s theory of mental in which the emphasis is shifted away from the child in explaining and to the influence of the individual’s social or cultural environment. d. A theory that holds that occurs in a steplike fashion, with each step or level qualitatively distinct from, and more complex than, previous levels. e. A condition in which an individual’s response to a stimulus has rewarding or satisfying consequences. f. Assumes that the developing child participates in the al process and literally constructs his or her own reality. g. The first stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive ; in this stage, the infant learns about his environment by active manipulation of the objects in it. h. Increase in size, function, or complexity to some point of optimal maturity; associated with quantitative change.
Piaget's ideas were largely ignored by American psychologists until the 1960s. Three of the following are probable reasons why this was so. Which one is not a likely reason?
a. Piaget studied children rather than nonhuman species. b. Piaget's ideas were incompatible with behaviorist theory. c. Most of Piaget's writings were in French. d. Piaget used research methods that were unconventional in the eyes of American psychologists.
Which of the following arguments uses an avoidance rationalization to perpetuate prejudice?
a. If those women didn't have so many babies, they could come off welfare. b. Instead of studying why we are so different in this diversity class, why don't we study how we are alike. c. Now that an African-American president has been elected, there is no more racism in the United States. d. Gay people should keep their sexual preferences to themselves if they don't want to be bothered.