A null hypothesis is stated. The null hypothesis is, "There is no difference between 10 mcg and 20 mcg of vitamin D3 in prevention of osteoporosis." What are the implications of this statement, concerning that hypothesis and type I error?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it actually is false means that the researcher has made a type I error in concluding that there is a difference between 10 mcg and 20 mcg of vitamin D3 in preventing osteoporosis.
b. Making the statement is itself a type I error.
c. Whether the null hypothesis is true or not makes no difference in terms of type I error.
d. Whether or not the researcher rejects the null hypothesis makes no difference in terms of type I error.
e. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it actually is false means that the researcher concludes that there is a difference between 10 mcg and 20 mcg of vitamin D3 in preventing osteoporosis, and there is no error.
f. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it actually is true means that the researcher concludes that there is no difference between 10 mcg and 20 mcg of vitamin D3 in preventing osteoporosis, but the researcher thinks there is and has made a type I error.
ANS: E, F
Type I error is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true. It is also called alpha [α]. In nursing studies, this is usually .05, which equals 5%. To test the null hypothesis, the researcher consults a statistics website or book, to discover the decision point or cutoff point, which is the value at which rejecting the null hypothesis would be the wrong decision only 5% of the time. Then the researcher calculates the statistic, based on the data. If the value of the statistic is less than the cutoff point, the null hypothesis stands—it is not rejected. If the value of the statistic is more than the cutoff point, the null hypothesis is rejected. This will be the correct decision 95% of the time.
You might also like to view...
Which of the following would be an example of a child born with congenital insensitivity to pain? A child who
A) develops pins-and-needles sensation after jumping out of a tree. B) fell off a skate board and fractured ankle but did not feel any pain and just noted swelling in foot. C) skinned knee from a bike accident but only told parents when it started burning. D) cries every time the wind blows because it hurts his face and ears.
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis comes into the clinic for a routine check-up. On assessment the nurse notes that the patient appears to have lost some of her ability to function since her last office visit
Which of the following is the most appropriate action? A) Arrange a family meeting in order to explore assisted living options. B) Refer the patient to a support group. C) Arrange for the patient to be assessed in her home environment. D) Refer the patient to social work.
A client who is admitted after a thermal burn injury has the following vital signs: blood pressure, 70/40; heart rate, 140 beats/min; and respiratory rate, 25 breaths/min. He is pale, and it is difficult to find pedal pulses
Which action does the nurse take first? a. Begin intravenous fluid resuscitation. b. Check pulses with a Doppler device. c. Obtain a complete blood count (CBC). d. Obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG).
Magnet hospitals are known for enhanced safety outcomes. According to Aiken, Sloane, and Klocinski, magnet hospitals are known to have:
a. less than 1 percent nosocomial infections per year. b. zero to five reported OSHA violations per year. c. fewer needle sticks. d. fewer back injuries.