A pediatric patient has been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Which statement would the nurse use as a basis for explaining the etiology of this disorder?
a. Melatonin is not being released in sufficient quantity.
b. This condition is often due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
c. Children have a high ratio of REM sleep that can result in frequent gasping.
d. This can be related to a sleep position which compromises chest movement.
ANS: B
When OSA is found in children, it is usually the result of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, cranio-facial abnormalities, and neuromuscular conditions, all of which result in airway obstruction during sleep. There is no research on OSA related to melatonin insufficiency, dreaming, or a particular sleep position.
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