Between-subjects designs are often used in research on complex cognitive processes because
a. they reduce the variability of observations.
b. they require fewer participants compared to within-subjects designs.
c. they prevent the occurrence of carryover effects.
d. they increase our confidence in the reliability of the results.
B
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Why is it sometimes hard to interpret test scores suggesting "low self-esteem"?
a. The questionnaires might be measuring something else. b. Self-esteem fluctuates greatly from one day to the next. c. The competitive nature of schools can lead to low self-esteem. d. Self-esteem does not correlate highly with productivity.
Research with Ugandan infants shows that
a. indiscriminate attachment early on. b. the beginning of specific attachment to the mother at 7 months, which grew intense by 12 months of age. c. fear of strangers developing by about 18 months. d. extreme anxiety when in the presence of a stranger as early as 3 months.
In research reports, a statement that "the results of the experiment were statistically significant" means that the difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in how many experiments out of 100
a. less than five b. less than 20 c. more than five d. more than 20
Jake is being trained in how to utilize therapies based on classical and operant conditioning. Jake is most likely training to become a
a. psychoanalyst. b. behavior therapist. c. humanistic psychotherapist. d. Gestalt therapist.