Atkins v. Virginia used which type of interpretive approach to conclude that execution of those with mental and developmental disabilities was an unconstitutional punishment?
a. originalist
b. flexible
c. institutional
d. attitudinal
b
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One of the ways in which lobbyists make themselves valuable to decision makers is by
A. threatening to campaign against them in upcoming elections. B. providing bribes. C. threatening to withhold campaign contributions. D. providing information and expertise whenever asked. E. inviting them to parties.
Protectionist policies arise because:
a. Consumers benefit from protection. b. Political leaders must rely on public goods to get reelected. c. Consumers cannot overcome free-riding problems. d. Labor unions cannot overcome coordination problems.
A(n) __________ is an official presidential commentary on the meaning or significance of legislation
A)executive order B)writ of habeas corpus C)per curium opinion D)signing statement
There is a common assumption about pluralist politics that government programs emerge in response to interest group demands.
A. This assumption has been shown to be true with respect to all the post-New Deal programs. B. Although in reality, interests and interest groups arise in defense of government programs. C. This is true with the exception of those groups narrowly tailored to business interests. D. Although in reality, interests and interest groups are not connected to government programs in any meaningful way.