According to Sykes and Matza, there are five techniques of neutralization. List and discuss each of those techniques. Give an example for each

What will be an ideal response?


Answer: Denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of victim, condemnation of condemnors, and appeal to higher loyalty. Under the denial of responsibility technique, the individual refuses to be held accountable for their actions. Denial of injury means that no one was hurt by the actions. That harm does not have to be a physical harm. Denial of victim allows the offender to justify their actions as possibly retaliation against the victim. Condemnation of the condemnors places blame on the authority figures. The appeal to higher loyalty justifies actions because of the demands of the group.

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During which phase of a tactical entry do team members enter the premises?

a. Execution phase b. Scouting phase c. Planning phase d. Debriefing phase

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How did gangs of the first era transition into conventional lifestyles?

a. Through organized crime b. Through employment opportunities c. Through social programming d. Through rehabilitation programs

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Which of the following reflects an assumption of most adoption studies?

A) Adoptive parents and their adopted children are not genetically related. B) Adoptive children have no information about their biological make-u

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Qualitative researchers do not typically begin their projects seeking to test preformulated hypotheses. 2. There is a focus on previously well-studied processes and phenomena in qualitative research. 3. The context of concern in qualitative research is often a program or broader social context. 4. Qualitative research is often focused on the meanings that participants attach to events. 5. A lack of reflexivity in research design and sensitivity to objective role of the researcher is very important in qualitative research.

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