Weigh the pros and cons of incumbency on politicians and society
What will be an ideal response?
An ideal response will:
1, Recall that incumbents are far more likely to win a given election.
2, List the advantages of incumbency, including name recognition, credit claiming, the franking privilege, casework, media access, campaign experience, and redistricting.
3, Note some pitfalls of incumbency that may be used to challenge an incumbent. This could include perceptions of ineffective performance, or perceived character flaws.
4, Explain that incumbency can benefit society by having experienced leaders in office. Note that it can also create legislators who enjoy something akin to lifetime tenure, which can serve as a roadblock to change and encourage ethics abuses.
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STUDY: A major airline wants to know if pilots make significantly more errors and more serious errors when they are under a particular stress (e.g., if their airplane is hijacked while in flight)
The airline also wants to know if pilots' years of experience is a factor. The following research is set up. A 767 flight simulator is used. All of the pilot's behavior is monitored, so that the number of errors made by the pilot can be easily read off the computer record. The seriousness of each error is judged later by master pilots using a 25-point scale (interval) of seriousness. The participants are jetliner pilots with experience ranging from 1 to 20 years of commercial piloting. The participants are randomly assigned to two conditions, and the years of experience are the same for both groups. All pilots simulate take-off from New York, a two-and-a-half hour flight at 32,000 feet cruising altitude, and a landing at Miami. The pilots are told that their job rating depends on how well they handle this simulated flight, and it is impressed on them that they are to do everything as if this were a real flight. In the experimental condition, two masked "passengers" break into the cockpit 45 minutes into the flight and, aiming guns at the pilots, demand to be taken to Miami for refueling, a payment of a million dollars, and then, flown to Cuba. They threaten to kill some of the passengers and then the pilots and themselves if anything goes wrong. The control group has no "hijacking" and proceeds to Miami without incident. What type of design is represented in the research described above? A) correlated-groups design B) independent-groups design C) nonparametric design D) Both B and C
In an effort to provide longer-term support to countries after peacekeeping missions end, the United Nations has __________.
A. asked NATO, European Union, or African Union troops to replace UN peacekeepers B. installed the UN Standby High Readiness Brigade to maintain order and stability C. worked with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to provide funding to the countries D. created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction, institution-building, and economic recovery
Sub-elites are
a. federal government employees. b. state and local government employees. c. state and local elites. d. state and local elected officials.
According to legend, responding to the bread shortage in America, Hillary Rodham Clinton remarked, "Let them eat cake."
Indicate whether the statement is true or false