Which of the following best describes the unusual events that occurred in Pavlov's laboratory that led him to the discovery of classical conditioning?
a. Dogs salivated after meat powder was placed in their mouths.
b. Dogs sometimes salivated before the meat powder was placed in their mouths.
c. Salivation existed in dogs as an unlearned reflex.
d. Dogs salivated if and only if they were given a reward.
ANSWER: b
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Your textbook discusses the early history of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion,
a. Hermann Ebbinghaus opposed cognitive psychology because it did not pay enough attention to emotions. b. Mary Whiton Calkins studied people's introspections about nonsense words. c. William James suggested that our everyday cognitive processes are passive, rather than active. d. Wilhelm Wundt emphasized that introspection could provide useful information, if participants were well trained.
Rip's EEG indicates that he has entered delta sleep. We can expect that:
a. his brain will be emitting sleep spindles c. he would be very difficult to awaken b. he has just fallen asleep d. he is about to wake up
Four-year-old Honesty covers her eyes to block out scary sights and covers her ears when sounds are too loud. When she is excluded from a game, she changes her goals and decides that she does not want to play anyway. As she uses these strategies, Honesty’s __________ will decline
A) emotional outbursts B) ability to manage her fears C) emotional self-regulation D) grasp of the distinction between fantasy and reality
The axons of which type of cell form the optic nerve?
A. bipolar B. amacrine C. ganglion D. horizontal