Why might our informal observations of social life lead us to wrong conclusions?
a. our experiences are not representative of everyone
b. sometimes we are biased and misinterpret what happens
c. sometimes we remember things incorrectly
d. all of the above
Answer: D
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A researcher is trying to get a pigeon to play "Joy to the World" on a toy piano. If the pigeon plays the first note followed by a reinforcer, and then the pigeon plays the first and second note followed by a reinforcer, the researcher is most likely using:
A. classical conditioning B. shaping C. cognitive theory D. stimulus substitution
Research on jury behavior suggests that
a. when the judge writes instructions in active rather than passive sentences and elaborates on abstractions like "reasonable doubt," jurors tend to apply the law with greater accuracy than they do otherwise. b. a defendant who is found guilty on several individual criminal charges tends to receive harsher verdicts than a defendant who is found guilty on a single indictment that joins all charges. c. the impact of the testimony of "dislikable" witnesses is similar to the impact of the testimony of "likable" witnesses. d. none of the above
One study concluded that couples who live together before marriage are __________ more likely to divorce, compared to married couples who did not first live together
a) 27 percent b) 46 percent c) 66 percent d) 78 percent
Individualistic cultures like the United States and some European countries tend to be so internal that their people are vulnerable to
a. giving up control over situations. b. an illusion of control. c. controlling others who don’t share their beliefs. d. seeing no need for human rights laws.